Modifying a FreeBSD release ISO for headless booting

Ok, here are the commands. I will come back later to add context, too many irons in the fire right this minute...

# mkdir /bigdisk/iso # mkdir /bigdisk/iso_headless # cd /bigdisk # fetch ftp://ftp7.us.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/ISO-IMAGES/7.2/7.2-RELEASE-i386-disc1.iso # mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /bigdisk/7.2-RELEASE-i386-disc1.iso -u 0 # mount -t cd9660 /dev/md0 /bigdisk/iso

No trailing slash on the rsync destination is significant. The following two commands are equivalent:

   rsync -av /bigdisk/iso/ /bigdisk/iso_headless
   rsync -av /bigdisk/iso/* /bigdisk/iso_headless/

# rsync -av /bigdisk/iso/ /bigdisk/iso_headless # umount /bigdisk/iso # mdconfig -d -u 0

Note that I did attempt the following, which failed:

   echo "/boot/loader -h" > /bigdisk/iso_headless/boot.config

# echo 'console="comconsole"' >> /bigdisk/iso_headless/boot/loader.conf # mkisofs -no-emul-boot -U -R -b boot/cdboot -o /bigdisk/7.2-RELEASE-i386-disc1_HEADLESS.iso /bigdisk/iso_headless # cdrecord -scanbus

Set whatever speed you want here. I had some cheap, old CDRs and they needed burn slowly. I have plenty to keep me busy while it's burning...

# cdrecord speed=2 dev=1,0,0 /bigdisk/7.2-RELEASE-i386-disc1_HEADLESS.iso

That's all for now, please enjoy responsibly.

Retrieve ARP table from Cisco router, parse, spew

I had a colleague in need of an automated way to retrieve the ARP table from a lot of Cisco routers and format the output in a spreadsheet. Another colleague suggested using an Expect script, which is definitely cool because I love using Expect (seriously, it's a Swiss Army knife), but I wanted to take it a different direction. I looked up the SNMP MIB to retrieve the ARP table and then parsed the input to provide a two-column output consisting of the IP address and MAC address, one pair per line.

Here is the script:

snmpwalk -t 60 -v 1 -c MYCOMMSTRING routerhostname .1.3.6.1.2.1.4.22.1.2 | \ while read line; do \ IP_ADDR=`echo ${line} | \ awk '{print $1;}' | \ sed -e 's/^IP-MIB::ipNetToMediaPhysAddress.[0-9]*\.//'`; \ MAC_ADDR=`echo ${line} | \ awk '{print $4;}' | \ sed -e 's/^\([0-9a-f]\)/0\1/' \ -e 's/:\([0-9a-f]\):/:0\1:/g' \ -e 's/:\([0-9a-f]\):/:0\1:/g' \ -e 's/:\([0-9a-f]\)$/:0\1/' | \ tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'`; \ echo "${IP_ADDR} ${MAC_ADDR}"; \ done

Notice that there are two mid-string sed matches, each with a 'g' matching command. The reason that this command needs to be listed twice is that a single iteration of 'g' doesn't mean global, it means to match up to two addresses within the stream. Since some of the MAC addresses I was dealing with were beyond that, such as "0:d:ed:c:7:5e", just using a single mid-string pattern with 'g' left me with "00:0d:ed:0c:7:5e" (note the :7: instead of the desired :07:). Adding the second iteration of mid-string matching fixed this issue by enabling matching of a third and fourth mid-string single-digit. I learned something new about sed, and learning something new is a good thing.

FreeBSD 7.2 on my Samsung NC10-14GB

Everything working well so far. To get X working I read a lot of forums and ML archives. To get the 915resolution tool, from ports, working with the 945GME chipset in this netbook, I had to patch a couple of files...

# diff -ruN 915resolution.c.orig 915resolution.c --- 915resolution.c.orig 2009-08-08 22:51:00.000000000 +0000 +++ 915resolution.c 2009-08-08 22:53:44.000000000 +0000 @@ -57,12 +57,12 @@ typedef unsigned int cardinal; typedef enum { - CT_UNKWN, CT_830, CT_845G, CT_855GM, CT_865G, CT_915G, CT_915GM, CT_945G, CT_945GM, + CT_UNKWN, CT_830, CT_845G, CT_855GM, CT_865G, CT_915G, CT_915GM, CT_945G, CT_945GM, CT_945GME, CT_946GZ, CT_G965, CT_Q965 } chipset_type; char * chipset_type_names[] = { - "UNKNOWN", "830", "845G", "855GM", "865G", "915G", "915GM", "945G", "945GM", + "UNKNOWN", "830", "845G", "855GM", "865G", "915G", "915GM", "945G", "945GM", "945GME", "946GZ", "G965", "Q965" }; @@ -216,6 +216,10 @@ type = CT_945GM; break; + case 0x27ac8086: + type = CT_945GME; + break; + case 0x29708086: type = CT_946GZ; break; @@ -511,6 +515,7 @@ case CT_915GM: case CT_945G: case CT_945GM: + case CT_945GME: case CT_946GZ: case CT_G965: case CT_Q965: @@ -551,6 +556,7 @@ case CT_915GM: case CT_945G: case CT_945GM: + case CT_945GME: case CT_946GZ: case CT_G965: case CT_Q965: @@ -806,6 +812,9 @@ else if (!strcmp(argv[index], "945GM")) { *forced_chipset = CT_945GM; } + else if (!strcmp(argv[index], "945GME")) { + *forced_chipset = CT_945GME; + } else if (!strcmp(argv[index], "946GZ")) { *forced_chipset = CT_946GZ; }

...and this one...

# diff -ruN chipset_info.txt.orig chipset_info.txt --- chipset_info.txt.orig 2007-04-15 07:31:29.000000000 +0000 +++ chipset_info.txt 2009-08-08 22:53:59.000000000 +0000 @@ -7,3 +7,4 @@ 915PM, 915GM, 915GMS, 910GML $2590_8086 $91 - $92 945G $2770_8086 $91 - $92 945GM $27A0_8086 $91 - $92 +945GME $27AC_8086 $91 - $92

More to come later, but I will leave you with this:

# kldstat Id Refs Address Size Name 1 22 0xc0400000 9fab28 kernel 2 2 0xc0dfb000 4a64c sound.ko 3 1 0xc0e46000 1ae38 snd_hda.ko 4 1 0xc0e61000 802c ng_ubt.ko 5 6 0xc0e6a000 da08 netgraph.ko 6 1 0xc0e78000 6a45c acpi.ko 7 4 0xc5a80000 2000 ng_bluetooth.ko 8 1 0xc5a82000 d000 ng_hci.ko 9 1 0xc5aba000 f000 ng_l2cap.ko 10 1 0xc5acb000 1a000 ng_btsocket.ko 11 1 0xc5aed000 4000 ng_socket.ko 12 1 0xc5b39000 22000 linux.ko 13 1 0xc5e27000 9000 i915.ko 14 1 0xc5e30000 13000 drm.ko

Have fun!